ࡱ> q` R8bjbjqPqP::;n%%%8%B&\G&&4&&&'''EEEEEEE$IhKbFq0''00F&&G7770&&E70E77rATB&& MU-%2#BEDG0G1BVL56VLBBVLC$'()7k+<,@'''FF/7X'''G0000D"!d"! R \ y b 'Y f[ N%NmQt^UxXxvzueQf[ՋՋ ՋyvW@x laNy1,gՋwSqQ 6 S'Y nR 150 R 2,gwS^\ՋwS T{S gT{wS T{HhN_Q(WT{wS N Q(WՋwS NbI~ NGWeHe0laՋwSnm N(WՋwS NmR 3_{(u݄0ў{b~{W[{T{ vQ[GWeHe0 aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa Part I Vocabulary (15 points) Directions: In this part, there are 15 sentences with 15 blanks. You are required to choose an appropriate word from the list to fill in each of the blanks. Change the form where necessary. Use each word only once. prejudice spectacle reverie linger humiliate oblivious gigantic demolish renowned erect martyr incessant shiver agitate heinous  1. In those strange old times, when fantastic dreams and madmen's _______were realized among the actual circumstances of life, two persons met together at an appointed hour and place. 2. However wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, some motorists drive at ridiculous speeds ________of police warnings or speed restrictions. 3. Early Christians saw Valentine's Day as a way to honor St. Valentine, who was _______ on February 14 because he outlawed marriage for young men -- his crop of potential soldiers. 4. Severe snowstorms have wreaked havoc on traffic throughout the country, creating _______passenger backups, spawning accidents and leaving at least 24 people dead. 5. _______and discrimination are part of American history, however, this prejudicial treatment of different groups is nowhere more unjust than with black Americans. 6. You who have eyes can see any you like. How many of you, I wonder, when you gaze at a play, a movie, or any _______, realize and give thanks for the miracle of sight which enables you to enjoy its color, grace, and movement? 7. "Twelve hours a day for twenty years together." The poor ballet dancer must devote years of ________ toil to her profitless task before she can shine in it. 8. Winter often ______; autumn could be ushered in by severe frost. For good measure, during the spring and summer, drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the wary grower. 9. The fight reaches a climax; the despairing slave meets his destined death giving one last _____of agony as his blood stains the stage. 10. During this controversy Edward appeared restless and impatient, _______ by some internal feeling, but whether of joy, grief, or expectation, his face did not expressly declare. 11. To ensure the narrators' thoughts and languages flowed smoothly, I avoided any questions suggestive of my own opinion. the writer says. His book won support from a host of ________writers and veteran journalists. 12. During times of stress, daydreaming ________a temporary shield against reality, in much the same way that building a house protects our bodies from the natural surroundings. 13. Animal cruelty is a _______act punishable by law in every state, but in recent years, there has been increasing recognition of the link between animal cruelty and violence to other humans as well. 14. Nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and _______the environment. 15. One must not ________people--that is the chief thing. Better say to man "My angel" than hurl "Fool" at his head--though men are more like fools than they are like angels. Part II Cloze (15 points) Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with 15 marked blanks. For each blank, there will be four possible words or phrases to fill in. Choose the best one and write your choice on the Answer Sheet. The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. ___1___ homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments cant possibly ___2___. To help homeless people toward independence, the federal government must support job training programs, ___3___ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. ___4___ everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ___5___ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. ___6___ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is ___7___. One of the federal governments studies ___8___ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to ___9___ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. Even when homeless individuals manage to find a ___10__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day ___11___ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, while not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday ___12___ skills needed to turn their lives around. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are ___13__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. As Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, ___14___ it, There has to be ___15___ of programs. Whats needed is a package deal. 1. A. Indeed B. Likewise C. ThereforeA D. Furthermore 2. A. stand B. cope C. approveB D. retain 3. A. raise B. add C. takeA D. keep 4. A. generally B. almost C. hardlyD D. not 5. A. cover B. change C. rangeC D. differ 6. A. Now that B. Although C. ProvidedB D. Except that 7. A. inflating B. expanding C. increasingC D. extending 8. A. predicts B. displays C. provesA D. discovers 9. A. assist B. track C. sustainA D. dismiss 10. A. lodging B. shelter C. dwellingB D. house 11. A. searching B. strolling C. crowdingD D. wandering 12. A. life B. existence C. survivalC D. maintenance 13. A. complex B. comprehensive C. complementary B D. compensating 14. A. puts B. interprets C. assumesA D. makes 15. A. supervision B. manipulation C. regulationD D. coordination Part III Identifying Rhetorical Devices (10 points) Directions: In this part, there are 10 sentences for identification of the rhetorical means employed in them. You are required to choose the correct rhetorical device used in each of the following sentences or the underlined parts and write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 1. It is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years than in the entire previous history of science. A. Loose Sentence B. Periodical Sentence C. Parallel Structure D. Transferred Epithet 2. Energy costs will be cut by a computerized device that will direct heat to living areas where it is needed, and turn it down where it is not. A. Metonymy B. Metaphor C. Antithesis D. Pun 3. Computer technology may make the car, as we know it, a Smithsonian antique. A. Antonomasia B. Onomatopoeia C. Euphemism D. Paradox 4. The American society saw a gnawing poverty during the year of the Great Depression. A. Simile B. Alliteration C. Transferred Epithet D. Synecdoche 5. The gentleman in me made me stand up to go away, but the journalist in me made me stand still. A. Understatement B. Paradox C. Pun D. Synecdoche 6. Then clatter, clatter up the stairs. Jonnie knocked at her door. A. Antonomasia B. Metaphor C. Onomatopoeia D. Pun 7. My car was really stubborn this morning. She refused to start. A. Synecdoche B. Metonymy C. Personification D. Irony 8. If you love her, bring her to New York, for it is a Heaven. If you hate her, bring her to New York, for it is a Hell. A. Climax B. Alliteration C. Antithesis D. Inversion 9. We are poor, we are very poor, we are very, very poor, as poor as a church mouse. A. Climax B. Antithesis C. Parallelism D. Metaphor 10. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God's help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke. A. Parallelism B. Onomatopoeia C. Antithesis D. Rhyme Part IV Reading Comprehension 40 points) Directions: In this part, there are four passages. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the best choice and write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Passage One Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Fredericka!in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. 0 All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. 0Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and the language might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. 00Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. 00Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern  toy-bear . And even more incredible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. 00But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 1.What is the purpose of the drastic experiment of Fredericka! in the 13th century?. A. To prove that a baby couldn t live without his mother. B. To discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech. C. To find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak. D. To prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language. 2. Today some children are backward in speaking because ______. A. they are incapable of learning language rapidly B. they are faced with so much language at once C. their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak D. their brain is not programmed to learn language rapidly 3. If a child starts to speak later than other normal children, he will _____ in the future. A. have a high IQ B. be insensitive to verbal signals C. be less intelligent D. not necessarily be backward 4. Compared with the brain of the monkey, humans brain is a complex system which enables a child _____. A. to be born with the capacity of singing B. to see things more clearly than animals C. to connect the sight and the feel with the sound word D. to run faster than animals 5. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage? A. The faculty of speech is inborn in man. B. Mother plays an important role in man. C. Insensitivity of the mother to the infants signals will cause them to learn nothing about language. D. The child's brain is highly selective. Passage Two If books had never been discovered, man would have found some other way of recording his communication. But then, for our consideration, we should include as books everything that is a written record. This would include tablets, papyrus and anything else -- including computer diskettes. In the case of music, it would be impossible to think that man can live without it. Looking at primitive cultures, it appears that music is actually a part of the human psyche. When two things are knocked together, music is produced. So for the sake of our discussion, it is intended to restrict the meaning of music to the popularly accepted concept. Music is the pleasing combination of sounds that we like to listen to. Though it is difficult to, we can pretend that these things never existed. In this case we would not miss them today. To compare with recent inventions, let us look at radio and television. Though we cannot think of life without them today, this is so only from comparatively recent times. There are many of us living today who had seen a time when there was no television. They will tell us that life was not that much different. The same is probably true of radio. But books are a different thing because they, or something akin to them, began thousands of years ago. In the case of music, it goes back even further --- perhaps to millions of years, we may be able to imagine a world which never saw books, because books are a human invention. However, in the case of music this does not seem possible. Pleasing sounds are all around us; like the singing of the birds and the whistling of the wind. Music just seems to be inborn in us and in the world around us. If books did not exist, the world will be a poorer place indeed. Great philosophies like Plato's would become unknown and all the pleasures and lessons we could get from them will be lost forever. Then there is literature like the works of the great masters like Shakespeare, Dickens and Jane Austen. What a somber, miserable world it will be without the pleasures of reading. Since there are so many other things which depend on reading --- like plays, songs and movies --- we can expect them to disappear also. It would be a dark and unsatisfying world where knowledge is not propagated; where there are no books to derive pleasure from. In the case of music: without it the world will be bleak and cold indeed. It would be a terrible world with no cheery tunes, no songs to sing and no great music to lose ourselves in, a world which does not listen to the music of the great masters like Chopin and Beethoven would be a very sorry world. There will not be so many smiles on faces anymore. When we lose music, an expression of a deep part of ourselves --- from the soul --- is lost. With music, connected activities like dancing will be lost, too. A world without music and dancing will bring us back to the Stone Age. Unlike radio, television, telephones and computers, reading and music are not mere conveniences that we can live without. Reading is crucial for self-expression and for passing on records and knowledge to future generations. Music is part of our very soul. A world without these will not be the world as we know it. In fact, many of us would not want to live in such a world. 6. Music is part of the human psyche because ________ . A. it is part of primitive culture B. it is something we like to listen to C. it always strikes a chord with us D. it has been produced since ancient times 7. According to the passage, life without television and radio would be _______ . A. essentially the same B. very different C. quite boring D. spiritually more satisfying 8. It is impossible to imagine a world without music because ________ . A. music like books is a human invention B. it is crucial for self-expression C. enjoyable sounds exist in our environment D. plays, songs and movies depend on it 9. A world without books would be __________ . A. bleak and cold B. a very sorry world C. dreadfully unsatisfying D. dark and dull 10. Why is music something that we cannot live without? A. Because it is a convenience like the Internet. B. Because we will lose a deep part of ourselves. C. Because we won't have smiles on our faces anymore. D. Because philosophies like Plato's would not exist. Passage Three Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from invisible earnings to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional $375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports. 00It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus -- $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities. 00In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece s problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here: 00 Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government s red tape and shrewdness about small points. 00Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook. 00Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome --- without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either. 11. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is ___________ 00A. Greek income and expenditures. 00B. The improving economic situation in Greece. 00C. The value of tourism. 00D. Military expenditures. 12. Many peasants earn less than ___________ 00A. $60 a week. 00B. $2 a week. 00C. $1 a day. 00D. $10 a month. 13. The Greek Government spends ___________ 0 A. more than 25%of its budget on military terms. 00B. More than its collects. 00C. A third of a billion dollars in gold. 00D. Less than 25% of its budget on military terms. 14. According to the passage, Greece has ___________ 00A. a dictatorship. 00B. a monarchy. 00C. a single majority party. 00D. too much red tape. 15. Greece imports annually goods and materials ___________ 00A. totaling almost $700 million. 00B. that balance exports. 00C. that are paid by tourists. 00D. costing $66 million. Passage Four There are three general methods people use to explain and understand their world: beliefs, pseudo-science, and science. What are beliefs? Well, simply put, beliefs are what you believe to be true. In this first method of interpreting man and the world, certain people proved the information about how the world works. Their teachings are beyond question. Their followers accept these beliefs because they want to accept them, not because of scientific evidence. Some examples are religions, such as Christianity. Christians believe in one God, who created the universe and all that is in it. They believe that this God is active in history, guiding and teaching His people. Like many religions, Christianity provides a number of specific moral rules and principles that make up an important part of its teachings. Superstitions, such as Fung Shui, are also common examples of beliefs. Pseudoscience, also called fake science, is any body or knowledge, methodology, belief, or practice that claims to be scientific or is made to appear scientific, but is actually not. 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Beliefs in magic, monsters, and ghosts fall into this category. Both Chinese Qigong and Indian Yoga are very good physical exercises that can help their practitioners keep fit, but when some magical power, they are turning Qigong or Yoga into pseudoscience. Many people follow pseudoscience because belief in magic or mysterious powers is entertaining. Astrology has millions of followers all around the world, not because it helps them deal with the world in any better way, only because it is just fun. Of the three methods, only science provides a rational way of understanding the world. It does not provide a moral system as religion does, and it may not always be as entertaining as pseudoscience sometimes is, but it is the only method that requires constant testing of facts, beliefs and ideas, resulting in changing theories as we get new information. Science teaches us to draw conclusions based on evidence and it also teaches us that some evidence is stronger than other evidence, and how to judge the evidence. Through our study of science, we learn to accept uncertainty, to question facts and theories, and to search constantly for truth. Most of us use all three methods in different proportions to view our world. Some scientists believe in theories without supporting evidence. And the scientific method is often used for unscientific purposes. But science is the only method that is constantly changing. It does not depend on the teachings of one man. Each scientist builds on the work of others and his findings, in turn, are used by others to increase our knowledge of the world. 16. Which of the following would be a good title of the passage? A. Science and Pseudoscience. B. Religion and Science. C. Science, Pseudoscience and Religion. D. Different Ways of Viewing the World. 17. Which of the following is TRUE? A. No beliefs are supported by scientific evidence. B. Pseudoscience always leads to false understanding of things or events. C. Science never questions facts. D. Scientists accept nothing without scientific evidence. 18. Which of the following is NOT true about science? A. Science accepts uncertainty. B. Science does not push people to follow any specific set of moral rules. C. Science teaches us to weigh different evidence. D. Science urges us not to accept any beliefs or ideas. 19. Which of the following is TRUE about pseudoscience? A. Qigong is pseudoscience. B. Pseudoscience provides no supporting evidence. C. Pseudoscience can be entertaining. D. Pseudoscience has nothing to do with beliefs. 20. The word astrology (Paragraph 3) most probably refers to ______. A. study of the position of stars in the belief that they influence human affairs B. a set of methods used in doing things efficiently in our life C. central data processing unit of a computer popularly used today D. scientific study of the earths crust, rocks, etc. and of the history of its development Part V Translation (30 points) Section A (15 points) Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with some underlined sentences. You are required to put these underlined sentences into Chinese. Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. (1) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. Anthropology derives from the Greek words anthropos human and logos the study of. By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences. (2) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. (3) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylors formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. (4) Tylor defined culture as that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylors definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. (5) Thus, the anthropological concept of culture, like the concept of set in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. Section B Translate the following passage into English. (15%) `aN/f-NVNvN*N8lR`v݋0NSN e7usY [/fNN8lENv/n~n `aN/fNN Nv`~0ck/fُ7hv`~b:N-NVSNeN͑vR\OPg v^NTye_ NTy҉^RNSOs0/fEeaN $UwNNN_upmYg}YvV_ (W[EeaNv`_-N NNSN[OV0RNUS~evzt^eN V0RNkNv`b _vR$O_0RNfevs^ Y |^yvzzZ_0RN9RvEQ[,EeaNbNNN~gvR_[0W0 0 Part VI Writing (40 points) Directions: Based on the information given below, please write an essay of about 400 words on the Answer Sheet. 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